ERIK OLIN WRIGHT: UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL CLASS AND ENVISIONING CHANGE

Abstract

Erik Olin Wright was a leading American sociologist who deeply influenced how we understand social class, inequality, and social change. His work stands out because he went beyond traditional Marxist ideas to develop new ways of analyzing the complex social structures of modern capitalist societies. This paper explores Wright’s main contributions, including his theory of contradictory class locations, his role in analytical Marxism, and his vision of “real utopias” — practical alternatives to capitalism. The paper also discusses how Wright’s ideas remain relevant, especially for countries like Pakistan where social inequality is a pressing concern. Finally, some critiques of his work are considered, emphasizing the importance of adapting his theories to diverse social contexts.