CHILD LABOR IN PUNJAB: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF DOMESTIC COMPLIANCE WITH THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD

Abstract

This study examines that despite Constitutional guarantees and legislative frameworks in Punjab, Child labour persist as a widespread and well-documented problem with data revealing that more than 13.4% children in Punjab are engaged in labour which directly contradicts Pakistan’s commitments under the Convention on the Rights of the Child, making it an issue that demands serious attention and effective action. This comparative legal analysis assesses the extent to which provisions of provincial laws comply with CRC standards and examines the effectiveness of provincial agencies in curbing the issue of child labour. The study focuses on the fundamental rights that every child is entitled to and reveals that significant gaps in legal definitions, inconsistent enforcement, institutional weaknesses and economic constraints contribute to Punjab’s inability to fully meet its obligations. A few recommendations have been given which can be utilized to address the issue and eliminate the hindrances to compliance with CRC. It concludes that further work in the area of child protection is needed and there is still room for improvement. Comprehensive legal reforms, institutional strengthening, and effective enforcement are essential for advancing child protection in Punjab.