VITAMIN D FORTIFICATION IN DAIRY PRODUCTS: EVALUATING POLICY IMPACT AND NUTRITIONAL OUTCOMES IN SUNLIGHT-LIMITED REGIONS

Abstract

Vitamin D deficiency is a common world health problem, especially in areas with limited sunlight. The purpose of this review is to investigate the usefulness of vitamin D fortification of dairy products as a sustainable nutritional intervention to curb deficiency and enhance health outcomes. The aim is to determine the current policy on fortification, technology, and nutritional effects in various geographical and demographic environments. The analysis of data based on global studies and policy reports was made to evaluate the efficacy of mandatory and voluntary fortification programs to enhance the levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. The fortification of dairy products, particularly milk and yogurt, has greatly enhanced the population level of vitamin D status in such countries as Finland, Canada, and Sweden, which has led to a decrease in the incidence of deficiency and related health problems such as rickets, osteoporosis, and immune dysfunctions.  Even in most developing nations, such as Pakistan and certain Asian countries, such policy discrepancies, inadequate consumer awareness, and variable fortification are still in existence. The broader effects of fortification programs are hampered by policy issues, such as a lack of regulation, stakeholder or agency coordination, and inadequate monitoring. The review concludes that a unified, evidence-based policy system, regular monitoring, and education of the population are essential to reach the maximum advantages of vitamin D fortification. It suggests international cooperation in order to have fair accessibility to fortified food, particularly to the susceptible in sunlight-deprived regions.