JUSTICE, TRANSPARENCY AND CARBON REDUCTION: A MEDIATED GLOBAL INSIGHT

Abstract

This study examines the critical role of judicial effectiveness and access to information in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across countries. Using cross-country panel data and employing both Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the research investigates how strong judicial systems and transparency mechanisms influence environmental outcomes. The findings reveal that judicial effectiveness significantly reduces GHG emissions by ensuring the enforcement of environmental regulations, while access to information amplifies this effect by promoting accountability and public participation. Additionally, the analysis identifies economic growth, population increase, and trade as key drivers of emissions, whereas innovation serves as a mitigating factor. These insights underscore the importance of strengthening legal frameworks, improving access to information, and fostering innovation to achieve climate goals. The study offers valuable policy implications for enhancing judicial effectiveness and access to information. By addressing these governance challenges, countries can better implement climate policies and reduce their environmental footprint.