EVALUATION OF ANTI MULLERIAN HORMONE, FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE LEVELS IN WOMEN WITH INFERTILITY

Abstract

Background: Infertility is a growing reproductive health concern affecting a significant proportion of women worldwide, with higher prevalence reported in developing countries such as Pakistan. Assessment of ovarian reserve is essential in infertility evaluation, and hormonal markers such as Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) play a key role in understanding reproductive potential. Objective: To evaluate serum levels of AMH, FSH, and LH in infertile women and to assess their relationship with ovarian reserve and infertility patterns. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 infertile women aged 18–45 years at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital and associated laboratories, Lahore. Blood samples were collected to measure AMH, FSH levels measured during days 2-5 of the menstrual cycle, and LH levels using standard immunoassay techniques. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and independent t-tests were applied, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of participants was 29.4 ± 6.1 years, with primary infertility observed in 65% of cases. The mean AMH level was 2.14 ± 1.87 ng/mL, with 36.3% showing low AMH indicative of diminished ovarian reserve. Elevated FSH levels were found in 41.3% of participants and were significantly higher in older age groups (p < 0.001). LH/FSH ratio >2 was observed in 21.3% of women, suggesting PCOS. A significant negative correlation was found between AMH and FSH (r = −0.62, p < 0.001). Women with primary infertility had significantly lower AMH and higher FSH levels compared to secondary infertility.

Conclusion: AMH is a reliable and stable marker of ovarian reserve, while FSH and LH provide complementary information on endocrine function. The combined assessment of these hormones enhances the accuracy of infertility evaluation and supports improved clinical decision-making