INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGIES ACROSS THE EDUCATION SPECTRUM: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF PRACTICES, SYSTEMATIC CHALLENGES AND HEALTH IMPLICATIONS FROM EARLY CHILDHOOD TO HIGHER EDUCATION

Abstract

Global educational systems are rapidly changing due to the implementation of novel pedagogical approaches and digital technologies. This systematic literature analysis examined evidence from 40 peer-reviewed papers published between 2020 and 2025 to investigate innovative pedagogies, technological integration, implementation issues, and health-related consequences in early childhood, primary, secondary, and higher education settings. Following the PRISMA framework, studies were chosen from key databases such as Scopus, ERIC, Web of Science, EBSCO, and ProQuest. The results showed that early childhood education accounted for 37.5% (n = 15) of the analyzed studies, whereas higher education accounted for 25% (n = 10). Asia has the highest percentage of studies (35%; n = 14). The most popular pedagogical approaches are play-based learning, inquiry-based learning, project-based learning, gamification, flipped classrooms, blended learning, and virtual learning environments. Digital learning platforms, artificial intelligence, adaptive learning systems, and immersive technologies like virtual and augmented reality were at the forefront of technology-enhanced education. Major hurdles included poor digital infrastructure (n = 10), a lack of teacher digital competency (n = 9), and financial and technological disparities (n = 8). Digital learning environments improved motivation and higher-order thinking skills, as documented in 23-25 research, but they also raised concerns about stress, anxiety, and social isolation. Overall, the review emphasizes that successful educational innovation necessitates not only technical improvement, but also extensive teacher training, egalitarian infrastructure, supportive policies, and a focus on student well-being. Future study should concentrate on long-term educational outcomes, digital equity, and the sustainable use of emerging technology.