DISSIMILAR METAL WELDING IN MODERN ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS: A REVIEW OF CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

Abstract

Dissimilar metal welding (DMW) enables the integration of diverse material properties to enhance performance in modern engineering systems. It supports weight reduction, increased strength, and improved corrosion resistance across various industries. This review presents the major challenges in DMW, including residual stress, brittle intermetallic formation, and metallurgical incompatibility. Welding methods such as GTAW, FSW, and explosion welding is evaluated for their effectiveness. Recent developments such as artificial intelligence (AI)-based optimization, additive manufacturing, and simulation techniques are discussed. The paper also outlines future research prospects with a focus on sustainability and Industry 4.0. Overall, DMW plays a critical role in the evolution of high-performance, lightweight, and corrosion-resistant structures.