QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT AND ITS ROLE IN FUTURE QUANTUM COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Abstract

Quantum entanglement has emerged as one of the most intriguing and revolutionary phenomena in quantum physics, offering unparalleled opportunities in secure communication, quantum computing, and advanced information processing. By enabling correlations between particles that persist regardless of spatial separation, entanglement challenges classical intuitions and forms the backbone of many quantum technologies. This paper investigates the theoretical framework of quantum entanglement, evaluates its experimental realizations across photonic and matter-based platforms, and explores its transformative role in next-generation quantum communication systems. Through mathematical modeling, simulation, and comprehensive literature analysis, the study examines entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum teleportation protocols, and the pivotal role of decoherence in limiting scalability. Furthermore, the potential of entanglement swapping and multi-node quantum repeaters is assessed in the context of developing a global quantum internet. The findings highlight both the immense promise and the persistent technical challenges that must be overcome to transition from laboratory demonstrations to robust, real-world quantum networks.