REGULATORY AND POLICY CHALLENGES IN THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE POWER SECTOR THROUGH ADVANCED METERING INFRASTRUCTURE IN SOUTH ASIA

Abstract

The digital transformation of the power sector is a key enabler for improving operational efficiency, transparency, and sustainability in electricity utilities. Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) plays a central role in this transformation by enabling real-time data acquisition, loss reduction, demand-side management, and integration of renewable energy resources [1,2]. While extensive technical work exists on AMI communication technologies, comparatively limited attention has been given to the regulatory, institutional, and policy frameworks that critically influence digital transformation outcomes, particularly in developing countries [3,4]. This paper presents a field-based regulatory and policy analysis of large-scale AMI deployment in Pakistan, drawing on direct utility-level implementation experience. The study identifies key regulatory and governance gaps spanning the power and telecom sectors, including communication standards, SIM and spectrum governance, cyber security, data ownership, procurement rigidity, and weak inter-agency coordination. Field evidence demonstrates how regulatory misalignment translates into operational failures such as non-commissioned devices, data loss, communication outages, and delayed digital benefits. Based on observed deployment challenges, the paper proposes actionable policy recommendations to accelerate sustainable digital transformation of the power sector in Pakistan and other comparable developing economies.