Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): Policy Research Journal

Articles

• NEED FOR SPECIAL COURTS IN FOOD SAFETY ADJUDICATION: A STUDY OF LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN CONTEXT OF PUNJAB

  Hafiz Attaullah Burhan, Javed Iqbal, Ali Raza Laghari

  1-12

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• SCHOOL-BASED GENDER DISCRIMINATION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN GOVERNMENT SECONDARY SCHOOLS: A MULTILEVEL STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING STUDY

  Sumaira Aslam, Sundos Bajwa

  13-32

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• SEISMIC PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS USING PERFORMANCE-BASED DESIGN

  Dr. Shimza Jamil, Aalia Faiz, Sumra Yousuf

  33-47

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• REFORMING CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: THE CRITICAL NEED FOR WITNESS PROTECTION PROGRAMS IN PAKISTAN RESEARCHER

  Shumaila Halepoto, Rehana Anjum, Arun Barkat

  48-59

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• SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS PRACTICES AND EFFECT ON CORPORATE PROFITABILITY

  Muzammil Aslam, Sheikh Muhammad Ali

  60-74

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• PHYSICS-GUIDED DESIGN AND FUNCTIONALIZATION OF ADVANCED NANOMATERIALS FOR EMERGING TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS

  Saman Shams, Sidra, Waqar Yousaf, Abdullah, Wajeeha Anjum

  75-80

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• EXPLORING SHARIAH-COMPLIANT MARKET BENCHMARK ALTERNATIVES FOR ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

  Muhammad Saffi ur Rehman, Saqib Munir, Ayesha Saeed, Sundus Zeb

  81-92

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• PALESTINE-ISRAEL CONFLICT: LATEST DEVELOPMENTS AND PATHWAYS TO RESOLUTION

  Dr. Muhammad Tariq, Summiya Raza, Daniyal Adil

  93-101

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• EFFECT OF WASTE PUMICE AGGREGATE ON DENSITY, WORKABILITY, AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

  Dr. M. Adil Khan, Muhammad Naveed Khalil, Saad Hanif, Syed Zamin Raza Naqvi

  102-112

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• FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ALMOND MILK POWDER SUPPLEMENTED WITH PUMPKIN SEED POWDER FOR PHYSICOCHEMICAL, BIO-FUNCTIONAL, AND ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES

  Saria Yousaf, Aleena Faryad, Aimen Shabbir, Mahmood Khan, Aksefatima Yaqoob, Iqra Ramzan, Ayesha Usman, Maham Zulfiaqar, Anas Shakoor, Mahnoor Tanveer

  113-123

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• MECHANICAL AND DURABILITY PERFORMANCE OF TERNARY BLEND CONCRETE INCORPORATING FLY ASH AND SUGARCANE BAGASSE ASH

  Dr. M. Adil Khan, Saad Hanif, Syed Zamin Raza Naqvi

  124-142

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• IOT DATA-DRIVEN INTRUSION DETECTION: HARNESSING ENSEMBLE TECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCED SECURITY

  Muhammad Zain, Naeem Aslam, Hira Saleem, Ali hamza, Zeerak Zahid, Sikandar Hanif

  153-167

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• SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZINC-DOPED CARBON DOTS FOR ENHANCED FLUORESCENCE APPLICATIONS

  Saima Akram, Muhammad Amir Abbas, Jamaluddin Mahar, Muhammad Shahid Rasool, Muhammad Junaid

  168-177

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• WORLD POLITICS IN INDO-PACIFIC, A CASE STUDY OF AMBITION FOR GREAT POWERS

  Mobin Ahmad Khan, Prof. Dr Sajjad Ali Khan

  178-182

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• SOIL EROSION SUSCEPTIBILITY MAPPING USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS OF DISTRICT KOHAT, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PAKISTAN

  Mehran Ahmad, Maryam Khalid, Umair Aftab Choudary, Saqib Ullah, Muhammad Ishfaq, Zeeshan Khattak, Sobia Rani

  196-218

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• DIGITAL LEARNING ADOPTION AND EDUCATIONAL INEQUALITY: A COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION OF ACCESS, EQUITY, AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

  Zia Ur Rahman, Dr. Ali Gul Bugti, Rizwana Abdul Hakeem, Dr. Naeem Khattak, Ishrat Ashraf, Sarwat Rauf, Hafiz Yaseen Khan, Abdul Haseeb

  219-232

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• FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GRANOLA BAR SUPPLEMENTED WITH FLAXSEED AND BANANA PEEL POWDER FOR COMPOSITIONAL, BIOFUNCTIONAL, AND SENSORIAL ATTRIBUTES

  Zainab Atique, Marriam Aftab, Ayesha Usman, Saba Ahmed, Aleena Faryad, Murium Sultan, Binish Almas, Kinza Fatima, Muhammad Asif

  233-242

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• INVESTIGATING THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN STEAM EDUCATION: A CORRELATIONAL STUDY OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS OF UPPER SINDH, PAKISTAN

  Hatim Ali, Hafsa Lakho, Dr. Sayyed Tanweer Ahmed Shah

  243-259

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• JUSTICEPUR: WHY PEOPLE, NOT PROFIT, MUST GUIDE URBAN INTERVENTIONS

  Bilal Mahmood Sulehri

  260-268

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• ADVERSARIAL TRAFFIC GENERATION FOR IDS EVASION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF AIDAE AND SGAN-BASED APPROACHES

  Sana Mukhtar, Fazilat Bibi, Rafia Nouman, Talha Riaz, M Inam-ur-Rehman, Muhammad Shaheer, Minahil Fatima

  269-291

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• AI-ASSISTED PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS FOR ROAD-TO-RAIL FREIGHT MODAL SHIFT AND TRANSPORT DECARBONIZATION

  Ali Nawaz Sanjrani, Attaullah Narejo, Sadiq Ali Shah, Nouman Qadeer Soomro, Ameer Amanullah Sanjrani, Waqar Hussain

  292-306

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• THE STRATEGY OF WINNING HEARTS AND MINDS: AN EVALUATION

  Mah Noor Rizwan, Zia Ul Haque Shamsi

  307-314

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• PAK-AFGHAN STALEMATE: SEARCH FOR RAPPROCHEMENT

  Dr. Muhammad Tariq, Yasir Mahmood Hameed Ullah, Altaf Hussain

  315-320

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• PATERNALISM IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AND ITS IMPACT ON FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS IN PAKISTAN

  Farid Ullah, Shamaim Ali, Aiman Wazir

  321-338

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• AI-DRIVEN PREDICTIVE MODELLING OF BIOMASS THERMAL DEGRADATION USING THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS DATA AND ADVANCED MACHINE LEARNING

  Nadeem Hassan, Subhan Azeem, Abdul Manan Razzaq

  339-352

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• THE PRINCIPLE OF UNIVERSAL JURISDICTION IN THE 21ST CENTURY: ACCOUNTABILITY FOR WAR CRIMES BEYOND TERRITORIAL BOUNDARIES

  Zainab Kausar, Ali Raza Laghari, Ghulam Arbi, Muhammad Asif Chohan

  353-367

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• ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY AND PAKISTAN’S FOREIGN POLICY: ANALYZING TRADE RELATIONS IN THE POST-2021 AFGHAN SCENARIO

  Sahib Ur Rehman, Dr. Muhammad Rizwan

  368-377

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• DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF EDIBLE PAPER FROM DIFFERENT VEGETABLES: A NOVEL APPROACH TOWARDS BIODEGRADABLE AND SUSTAINABLE PRIMARY PACAKAGING

  Saniya Tayyab, Alishba Khan, Anisha Rehman, Bisma Qadir, Aamna Sultan, Hunza Arshad, Anum Liaquat, Safila Naveed

  401-408

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• MARITIME GOVERNANCE IN THE 21ST CENTURY: LEGAL AND POLICY CHALLENGES IN 2025-26

  Tooba Aslam Khan

  409-423

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• THE ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS CONCERNING GENDER

  Amreen, Faiza Batool

  424-432

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• IMPACT OF ETHICAL LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEE’S CREATIVITY BY UNDERPINNING THE ROLE OF EMPLOYEE’S GREEN BEHAVIOUR

  Dr. Shahbaz Hussain, Dr. Naila Maqsood, Haroon Rasheed Khan, Dr. Nouman Afgan

  433-450

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• ASSESSING FOREST DYNAMICS OF AYUBIA NATIONAL PARK: LINKING CLIMATIC VARIABILITY AND LAND USE LAND COVER CHANGE USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES

  Teenat Ghina, Aamir Shakeel, Ziad Raza, Tahir Iqbal

  451-458

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• A STUDY TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING INFECTION CONTROL PRACTICES AMONG NURSES

  Noor, Nisha Warren Joseph, Aasandas, Muhammad Rafique, Syed Uzma Paiam Bukhari, Imtiaz Ali Kalhoro, Sehrish Imtiaz, Raheel Royl

  459-471

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• ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DATA-DRIVEN MARKETING STRATEGIES: EXAMINING THEIR INFLUENCE ON BRAND PERFORMANCE IN THE UNITED STATES AND PAKISTAN

  Muhammad Tahir Saleem, Shehzadi, Dr. Ali Nawaz Khan, Tahir Mahmood

  472-486

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• CHILD LABOUR PATTERNS IN PAKISTAN AND ITS REGIONS/AREAS (2016–2022): EVIDENCE FROM MICS AND CHILD LABOUR SURVEYS

  Dr. Syed Ghulam Haider Kazmi, Tayyab Ilyas, Hina Kazmi, Khuram Hussain Shah

  487-505

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• EXPLORING THE AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF ANETHUM GRAVEOLENS AND FOENICULUM VULGARE SEEDS ON DYSLIPIDEMIA: A COMPARATIVE EFFICACY IN HIGH FAT DIET-INDUCED MODEL

  Anum Urooj, Fatima Mumtaz, Aimen Shabbir, Murium Sultan, Syeda Maryam Batool Tirmazi, Muhammad Sajjad Sarwar, Shabahat Iqbal, Muhammad Asif

  506-527

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• PHONOLOGICAL VARIATIONS IN REGIONAL ACCENTS: A CASE STUDY OF PASHTO DIALECT

  Sangeen Hassan Khan

  528-534

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• FAMILY SETUP DURING URBAN PHASE OF 2600-1900 BCE: AN ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IN INDUS CIVILIZATION

  Dr. Tooba Shafaq

  535-552

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• PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES AND LANGUAGE POLICY IN PAKISTAN: A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTANI PARLIAMENT

  Sangeen Hassan Khan

  553-562

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• FRAGILE DETERRENCE UNDER SYSTEMIC COMPRESSION: ESCALATION DYNAMICS AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF WARFARE IN SOUTH ASIA

  Atif Anwer Dar

  563-566

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• CAUSES OF TEACHERS’ JOB STRESS IN PRIVATE SCHOOLS AND COPING STRATEGIES

  Syed Umar Ali Shah, Jehanzeb Khan Orakzai, Asfandeyar Fida, Aasia Siraj

  567-578

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• MULTI-SCALE THERMO-FLUID OPTIMIZATION OF HIGH-EFFICIENCY ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS USING COUPLED COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL FRAMEWORK

  Hozaifah Shahadat Ali, Imran Hussain

  579-591

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• SMART GRID INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES FOR SUSTAINABLE POWER SYSTEMS IN PAKISTAN

  M Haris Aman, Raja Abdul Wasay Minhas, Muhammad Sohail Sattar

  592-600

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• HYDROGEOLOGICAL MODELING OF AQUIFER SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABLE GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT

  Mohsin Ali, Muhammad Naveed Khalil, Fazal Ur Rehman

  601-609

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• ASSESSING AI INTEGRATION IN EDUCATION: A COMBINED TAM AND STIMULUS–ORGANISM–RESPONSE FRAMEWORK: A CASE STUDY OF PUBLIC SECTOR UNIVERSITIES OF PAKISTAN

  Dr. Rao Arif Mahmood Khan, Muhammad Kamal, Dr. Rabia Mumtaz

  610-621

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• THE EVOLUTION OF SOVEREIGNTY: HISTORICAL ROOTS, LEGAL DEVELOPMENT, AND CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES

  Hassan Zaman, Arooj Un Nissa Awan, Dr. Ali Nawaz Khan, Tahir Mahmood, Akhtar Ali Ansari, Mohsin Ehsan

  622-630

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• HYDROGEOLOGICAL MODELING OF AQUIFER SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABLE GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT

  Mohsin Ali, Muhammad Naveed Khalil, Fazal Ur Rehman, Engr. Omer Farooq

  631-639

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• PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS FOR BUSINESS PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT

  Haji Ahmed, Ikhtiar Ahmed Khoso, Masood Abass Khoso

  640-655

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• A DIGITAL TWIN-ASSISTED MOBILITY PREDICTION MODEL FOR SEAMLESS TASK HANDOVER IN IOV-ENABLED FOG COMPUTING

  Imran Siddique, Dr. Mazhar Bukhari

  656-668

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• TEACHERS PERFORMANCE OF AIOU GRADUATES IN DISTRICT KOTLI, AJ&K: AN ANALYSIS

  Dr. Muhammad Naqeeb Ul Khalil Shaheen, Sulma Farooq, Alia Masood, Fatima Ashraf, Rimsha Yaqoob

  669-679

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• STATE POLICY AND CRIME CONTROL IN PAKISTAN: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE NATIONAL ACTION PLAN (2014 & 2021) IN LIGHT OF CRIME RATE TRENDS

  Mr. Hassan Shah, Dr. Ihsan Ullah Khan, Mss. Anila Ara, Dr. Azizullah Jan

  680-688

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• ASSESSMENT OF NURSES’ KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE TOWARD HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS IN KARACHI

  Munfad Ali, Syed Uzma Paiam Bukhari, Muhammad Shafeeq, Muhammad Rafique, Hamid UL Haq, Wahid Zaman, Zahoor Ul haq, Ubaid Ur Rahman, Nisar Mohammad, Israr Ahmad

  689-699

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• ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING CHEST TUBE MANAGEMENT AMONG INTENSIVE CARE NURSES IN A TERTIARY CARE PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL, KARACHI

  Ameer Hamza, Muhammad Rafique, Syed Uzma Paiam Bukhari, Muhammad Shafeeq, Hamid Ul Haq, Imtiaz Ali Kalhoro, Muhammad Atif, Muhammad Kashif, Muhammad Umer, Bahar Ali

  700-708

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• INSECT DEFENSE STRATEGIES: INTEGRATIVE PERSPECTIVES ON IMMUNE, BEHAVIORAL, AND CHEMICAL MECHANISMS

  Raman Shahzadi, Fakhra Anwar, Shahid Mahmood, Irfa Tanveer, Bushra Aslam, Aisha Shafaqat, Malaika Noor

  709-719

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• THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF INSECTS IN MODERN MEDICINE: CURRENT ADVANCES AND CLINICAL PROSPECTS

  Syed Ijlal Haider, Fakhra Anwar, Shahid Mahmood, Malik Ilyas, Abdul Mannan, Saqlain Haider

  720-725

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• MICROPLASTICS POLLUTION IN AGRICULTURE AND IMPACT OF MICROPLASTICS ON INSECT HEALTH AND AGROECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING

  Nimra Fatima, Fakhra Anwar, Shahid Mahmood, Saman Imtiaz, Eman Fatima, Haleema Sadia, Naila Sehar

  726-760

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• THE IMPACT OF HYBRID LEARNING ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF STUDENT ENGAGEMENT

  Dr. Sobia Kaleem, Dr. Atif Saeed Qureshi, Kamran Bashir

  761-770

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