FIBER-REINFORCED CONCRETE IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING: A STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS

Abstract

Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) has emerged as a high-performance composite material that significantly enhances the mechanical properties and durability of conventional concrete. This review synthesizes recent advances in FRC technology, focusing on mechanical properties, structural engineering applications, and state-of-the-art developments. Through systematic analysis of peer-reviewed literature published between 2018 and 2026, this paper examines the effects of fiber type, volume fraction, geometry, and distribution on compressive strength, flexural performance, tensile strength, and toughness. The review encompasses steel fibers, synthetic polymeric fibers (polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol), natural fibers, and hybrid fiber systems. Key structural applications discussed include beams, slabs, composite members, and specialized applications in pavements, tunnel linings, and seismic-resistant structures. Research gaps are identified regarding long-term durability, standardization of testing methodologies, and fiber orientation effects on structural performance. This review provides comprehensive guidance for researchers, engineers, and practitioners seeking to understand and optimize FRC systems for sustainable, high-performance structural applications.