DEMOCRACY IN SOUTH ASIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PAKISTAN AND INDIA

Abstract

This research aims to compare the democratic systems of India and Pakistan, with an emphasis on democratic stability, political institutions, and governance mechanisms. It identifies key variables that affect the functioning of democracy in both states. Despite having a similar colonial past, Pakistan and India have had distinct democratic paths since gaining their independence. Pakistan has endured several political upheavals and military interventions, whereas India has seen a rather stable democracy. Using secondary data from books, reports, and academic publications, the study takes a qualitative comparative approach. Important democratic metrics, such as the rule of law, civil-military relations, and electoral procedures, are examined.  The findings show that civilian supremacy and institutional strength have aided in India's democratic consolidation. On the other hand, Pakistan's democratic progress has been impeded by weak institutions and political instability. Pakistan's democratic stability depends on bolstering democratic institutions and guaranteeing constitutional primacy. To strengthen democracy, both states should support inclusive government, judicial independence, and political accountability.