EFFECT OF SPORTS AND EXERCISE ON THE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH OF SCHOOL-GOING CHILDREN

Abstract

Background: Sports and regular physical exercise are widely recognized as key determinants of physical and mental health during childhood and adolescence. The age range of 11–18 years represents a critical developmental stage marked by rapid physical growth and psychological changes. Despite this, reduced physical activity and increased sedentary behaviour among school-going children have raised concerns regarding health and well-being. This study aimed to examine the effect of sports and exercise on the physical and mental health of school-going children.

Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among 2000 school-going children aged 11–18 years. Participants were selected using a multistage sampling technique from public and private schools. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires assessing sports and exercise participation, physical health indicators, and mental health status. Physical health outcomes included fitness and perceived health, while mental health was measured through validated scales assessing stress, anxiety, depression, and self-esteem. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results: Regular participation in sports and exercise demonstrated a significant positive association with physical health (r = 0.62, p < 0.001) and mental health (r = 0.58, p < 0.001). Regression analysis indicated that sports and exercise significantly predicted physical health outcomes (β = 0.47, p < 0.001) and mental health outcomes (β = 0.42, p < 0.001), after controlling for age and gender. Students with higher levels of physical activity reported lower stress and anxiety scores (p< 0.01) and higher self-esteem (p < 0.001). Additionally, physical activity was positively associated with concentration and academic engagement (r = 0.39, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The findings indicate that sports and exercise have a significant and positive effect on both physical and mental health among school-going children aged 11–18 years. Regular participation in physical activity is associated with improved fitness, enhanced psychological well-being, and better academic engagement. The study highlights the importance of integrating structured sports and exercise programs into school curricula to promote holistic development and long-term health among children and adolescents.