SELF-HEALING CONCRETE COMBINED WITH NANOMATERIALS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Self-healing concrete offers independent fracture repair characteristics that increase buildings lifespan and lower maintenance costs, marking an evolutionary change in building materials. The incorporation of nanoparticles has become a revolutionary strategy that improves the mechanical characteristics and healing effectiveness of cementitious processes. The methods, categories, current developments, and potential future paths of nanomaterial-infused self-healing concrete are all examined in this paper. With an emphasis on nanotechnology such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, silicon dioxide, and bio-nanocarriers, we examine autogenous and autonomous healing mechanisms. Recent advances show that bacteria trapped by nanoparticles may mend cracks up to 1.71 mm, with gains in compressive strength surpassing 45%. Although there are still issues with adaptability, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability verification the synergistic coupling of nanotechnology and biotechnology offers hitherto unheard-of possibilities for robust, sustainable infrastructure.