جدید فلاحی ریاست کا تصور: دورِ نبوی ﷺ اور خلافتِ راشدہ کے نظامِ کفالت کا ایک تقابلی جائزہ

Abstract

﴿كَيْ لَا يَكُونَ دُولَةً بَيْنَ الْأَغْنِيَاءِ مِنكُمْ﴾

"So that it may not merely circulate between the wealthy among you." [i].

Divine guidance establishes a socio-economic order where wealth distribution is a moral imperative, not just a political tool. The Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) translated this vision into a living reality in Madinah. He built a system where the state took direct responsibility for the marginalized, framing welfare as an act of worship rather than state benevolence. Modern political thought champions the concept of the "welfare state," aiming to secure basic human needs through taxation and social security. But this secular model often strips away human dignity. It treats individuals as economic units within a capitalist machinery. We can see a stark contrast when we examine early Islamic history. Through a qualitative and historical comparison, this research explores the welfare mechanisms of the Prophetic era and the Rightly Guided Caliphate alongside contemporary Western models. The Islamic approach integrates material sufficiency with spiritual accountability.

﴿وَفِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ لِّلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ﴾

"And in their wealth there is an acknowledged right for the beggar and the deprived." [ii].

Here, welfare is a divine right of the poor, extracted without bureaucratic humiliation. The study investigates institutions like Zakat, Waqf, and the Bayt al-Mal, demonstrating how they structurally eradicate poverty rather than creating long-term dependency. Western models often struggle with elite capture, heavy taxation, and budget deficits. The classical Islamic framework, however, decentralizes wealth and links economic justice to eternal salvation. Implementing these timeless principles in modern Muslim societies requires urgent administrative and legal restructuring. A truly just society must look beyond mere economic indicators and revive the prophetic model of compassionate, accountable governance.

[i] Al-Hashr: 7

[ii] Adh-Dhariyat: 19